{"id":2954,"date":"2023-07-11T11:12:50","date_gmt":"2023-07-11T11:12:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?page_id=2954"},"modified":"2025-04-06T23:03:38","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T23:03:38","slug":"metodo-del-fluido-equivalente-mfe-para-estimar-el-empuje-lateral-sobre-un-muro","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/metodo-del-fluido-equivalente-mfe-para-estimar-el-empuje-lateral-sobre-un-muro\/","title":{"rendered":"Equivalent fluid method (EFM) for estimating lateral thrust on a wall"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2954\" class=\"elementor elementor-2954\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-caeb5d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"caeb5d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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tabindex=\"-1\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a68823 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a68823\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c658d7\" data-id=\"2c658d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-886a89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"886a89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equivalent fluid method (EFM) for estimating lateral thrust on a wall<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4facaaa elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4facaaa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a1c8e5\" data-id=\"5a1c8e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-324d664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"324d664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Equivalent fluid pressure (EFP) is a simplification of the lateral load exerted by soil on a retaining wall. This equivalent fluid refers to a hypothetical fluid, of unit weight such that it produces a pressure against a lateral support whose value is approximately that which would be produced by a real soil. Do you want to learn more about this topic? Continue reading the post...<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a18839 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a18839\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2630ea\" data-id=\"e2630ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c286326 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"c286326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tContent\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c286326\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c286326\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__c286326\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71d5738 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71d5738\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89e94e9\" data-id=\"89e94e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07950ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07950ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equivalent fluid method (EFM) for estimating earth pressure<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-148846c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"148846c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17268f3\" data-id=\"17268f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b52c6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b52c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In general, it is possible to assume that the theoretical distribution of lateral earth pressure generated by a granular backfill on a wall is triangular in shape (Coduto, 2001). This is the same shape that would be assumed for the case of a wall that is loaded by a fluid instead of soil. Accordingly, if such a fluid had the appropriate unit weight, the magnitude of the lateral pressure exerted on the wall would be equal to that of the pressure exerted by the soil. This is the basic idea of the equivalent fluid method (EFM).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The EFM has its origin in the document Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, published by the American Association of State Highway Officials  in USA around the 1950s. This document stated that all earth retaining structures should be designed to withstand a minimum pressure generated by a fluid of unit weight equal to 30 pcf (4.9 kN\/m3). However, this method of pressure and retaining wall analysis has been scrutinized over the years to validate its applicability in design, resulting in a series of typical equivalent fluid unit weight values to be used in practical problems. These typical values are shown later in this post.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cbf663 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cbf663\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5bd2ca6\" data-id=\"5bd2ca6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5460bc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5460bc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rankine and Coulumb equations in the framework of the EFM<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a218e5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a218e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-803e4e9\" data-id=\"803e4e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a725f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47a725f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">According to this approach, engineers and designers can then apply the idea implicit in the EFM. Thus, instead of estimating values of the lateral earth pressure coefficient K (if active, passive or at rest), it is possible to describe earth thrust using the equivalent fluid unit weight Gh, corresponding, as mentioned above, to a fictitious fluid that would impose a thrust level on a wall equivalent to that exerted by the soil. The vertical component of earth pressure, Gv, can also be expressed through the EFM.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In that way, the normal and shear forces acting on a wall can be expressed as shown in Figure 1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4704996 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4704996\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1c436e\" data-id=\"a1c436e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea52fce elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ea52fce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1-1024x649.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2956\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1-1024x649.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1-1536x973.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig1.jpg 1840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eeeb295 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eeeb295\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9911581\" data-id=\"9911581\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c790ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c790ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 1 Determintion of normal and shear forces acting on a wall using the EFM.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb65884 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb65884\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1174c1\" data-id=\"e1174c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-696aa28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"696aa28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">In the figure above: Pa\/b = normal force acting between backfill and wall per unit wall length; Va\/b = shear force between backfill and wall per unit wall length; Gh, Gv = equivalent fluid unit weights in the horizontal and vertical directions; H = wall height; \u03b2 = backfill inclination.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">On the other hand, considering the expressions for estimating the normal and shear forces acting on the back of a wall with granular backfill with zero cohesion (i.e. c = 0), it is possible to express the equivalent unit weights as a function of the lateral earth thrust coefficients proposed according to Rankine and Coulomb theories as follows (Coduto, 2001):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fac941 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fac941\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c215b0\" data-id=\"9c215b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bac5b5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bac5b5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2957\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4.jpg 1770w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4-300x96.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4-1024x326.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4-768x245.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4-1536x489.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig4-18x6.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf81e4d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf81e4d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c5462b\" data-id=\"1c5462b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff3c325 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff3c325\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Where: \u03b3 = unit weight of soil; Ka = active coefficient of earth thrust determined from Rankine's or Coulomb's theory; \u03b2 = inclination of the backfill at the back of the wall; \u03b4 = angle of friction at the soil-wall interface.<\/p><p>Thus, knowing the unit weight and the angle of internal friction of the backfill, and the angle of inclination of the wall, it is possible to estimate the values of the unit weight of the equivalent fluid, considering either the Rankine or the Coulomb approach, depending on the designer's preferences.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85f9490 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85f9490\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b065ff\" data-id=\"7b065ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4e4fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f4e4fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Earth thrust values according to the EFM to be used in design<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d2213a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d2213a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c20da3\" data-id=\"3c20da3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b93d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b93d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Table 1 shows estimated values of the equivalent unit weight Gh for different types of granular soils, both for the active case and for the resting state (i.e., under Ko conditions). According to Coduto (2001), the active pressure values can be used for cantilever walls, while the resting pressure values can be used for braced walls. In any case, the height of the wall should not exceed 2.5 m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9fea19 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9fea19\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8407eac\" data-id=\"8407eac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313880f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"313880f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Table 1 Equivalent unit weight values for different types of granular materials and maximum wall height H = 2.5 m (Source: Coduto, 2001).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9f0c9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9f0c9f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-583ae08\" data-id=\"583ae08\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8acfbd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8acfbd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"851\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3-963x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2961\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3-963x1024.jpg 963w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3-768x817.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3-1445x1536.jpg 1445w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3-11x12.jpg 11w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fig3.jpg 1678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0596b29 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0596b29\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb3595a\" data-id=\"cb3595a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5365fb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5365fb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As conclusion, it is worth mentioning that, based on the approach outlined here, Geotechnical Engineers can develop equivalent fluid unit weight design values for different types of granular fills, and subsequently present them to the Structural Engineer, who can perform the design by applying the principles of fluid statics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b1c760 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b1c760\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb892b3\" data-id=\"eb892b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f61a246 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f61a246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea080e0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea080e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1175122\" data-id=\"1175122\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34002f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34002f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Coduto, D. (2001) <strong>\u201cFoundation Design: Principles and Practices\u201d<\/strong>. Second Edition. Prentice Hall. New Jersey, USA.<\/li><li>O\u00b4Rourke, T. &amp; Jones, C. (1990) <strong>\u201cOverview of Earth Retention Systems\u201d<\/strong>. Proceeding Paper. Part of <a href=\"https:\/\/cedb.asce.org\/CEDBsearch\/record.jsp?dockey=0067843\"><em>Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures<\/em><\/a>. 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Este fluido equivalente se refiere a un fluido hipot\u00e9tico, de peso unitario tal que produce una [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2954","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u00e9todo del Fluido Equivalente (MFE) para estimar el empuje lateral sobre un muro -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/metodo-del-fluido-equivalente-mfe-para-estimar-el-empuje-lateral-sobre-un-muro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00e9todo del Fluido Equivalente (MFE) para estimar el empuje lateral sobre un muro -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin M\u00e9todo del Fluido Equivalente (MFE) para estimar el empuje lateral sobre un muro La presi\u00f3n de fluido equivalente (PFE) es una simplificaci\u00f3n de la carga lateral que ejerce el suelo sobre un muro de contenci\u00f3n. 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