{"id":2385,"date":"2022-10-08T23:54:25","date_gmt":"2022-10-08T23:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?page_id=2385"},"modified":"2025-04-07T01:21:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T01:21:06","slug":"el-ensayo-granulometrico-por-hidrometro","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/el-ensayo-granulometrico-por-hidrometro\/","title":{"rendered":"The hydrometer test for soils"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2385\" class=\"elementor elementor-2385\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f565041 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f565041\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column 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tabindex=\"-1\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4e74f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4e74f0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-86126ce\" data-id=\"86126ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ec46a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71ec46a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The hydrometer test for soils<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec532d4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec532d4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e654e5\" data-id=\"1e654e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a064c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a064c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The hydrometer test is essential to estimate the particle size distribution of soils passing through the #200 sieve. From this test, it is possible to determine the proportion of silts and clays in a soil sample, information of utmost importance to predict the behavior of the ground. Do you want to learn more about the basics of this test and its application in Geotechnical Engineering? Then, continue reading this post... <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad77596 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad77596\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa5db50\" data-id=\"aa5db50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d99821 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1d99821\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1d99821\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1d99821\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1d99821\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1ae0a2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1ae0a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a465eb9\" data-id=\"a465eb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6eb3d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6eb3d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fundamentals of hydrometer test for soils<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8fcfee elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8fcfee\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b5925d\" data-id=\"9b5925d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a63249a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a63249a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Since particle size analysis by sieving is impractical for particle sizes below 0.076 mm (corresponding to the aperture of the #200 sieve), the hydrometry test can be used for fine soils.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In hydrometric analysis, a soil sample is dispersed in water, and the solution is then left to stand, so that the soil particles settle out individually. From a practical point of view, it is assumed that the particles are spherical, and that the process follows Stokes' Law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e35ba9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e35ba9b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e41f614\" data-id=\"e41f614\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af2db79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af2db79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-1024x502.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2387\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-1024x502.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-768x376.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-1536x752.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-2048x1003.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figura-1-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-38766b7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"38766b7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de35bbc\" data-id=\"de35bbc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81ff6ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81ff6ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 1 The Stokes\u00b4 Law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-420d741 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"420d741\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad86a91\" data-id=\"ad86a91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9231a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9231a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">This law, enunciated around 1850, states that there is a direct relationship between the settling velocity of a particle in a fluid and the particle size. Adapting this principle to Soil Mechanics, this means that the settling velocity of solid particles in a soil sample is directly proportional to their size, and that as time passes, larger particles will settle faster than smaller ones. Based on the above, it is possible to obtain the value of a certain equivalent diameter of a sphere, whose specific gravity is the same as that of the soil particles whose particle size distribution is being analyzed, during a sedimentation process.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The hydrometer is a measuring instrument, developed from the investigations of the British chemist William Nicholson at the end of the 18th century, with which it is possible to measure the concentration of a soil-water suspension at a certain depth L. Thus, it is possible to estimate the diameter of the particles that settled below L at a time t from the beginning of the test, based on Stokes' Law mentioned above.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Basically, the hydrometric test consists of preparing 1,000 mL of a solution of approximately 50 g of material passing through the #40 sieve, shaking it (in order to achieve a certain homogenization), and then leaving it to settle so that the particles settle. During this process, readings are taken with the hydrometer at different times (usually at 15 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 hs, 4 hs, 8 hs, 16 hs, and 24 hs), and then the corresponding calculations are made, following the aforementioned principles. Figure 2 illustrates the process briefly described so far.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7ccdd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7ccdd2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b05e004\" data-id=\"b05e004\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a21694d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a21694d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2388\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-768x373.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-1536x747.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-2048x996.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-2-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f5a0e0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f5a0e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06726f\" data-id=\"c06726f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d82184 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d82184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 2 Fundamentals of hydrometer test<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5e6901 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b5e6901\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7321fa3\" data-id=\"7321fa3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1de181b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1de181b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is worth mentioning that the ASTM 152 H hydrometer is used in Soil Mechanics laboratory. Also, in order to limit the formation of floccules between the soil particles, a dispersing agent, usually sodium hexametaphosphate, is added to the solution. In this way, the size distribution will be analyzed much more accurately.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>From the normative point of view, ASTM D-422 and AASTHO T-88 standards include the detailed procedure for this test, so it would be appropriate to review them.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ebced4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9ebced4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-458d0f0\" data-id=\"458d0f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b80a0ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b80a0ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Readings and corrections<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0297b9b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0297b9b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61e60e4\" data-id=\"61e60e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72f8082 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72f8082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As mentioned above, in Soil Mechanics the ASTM 152 H hydrometer is used, which is calibrated to 60 readings, at a temperature of 20\u02daC, for a soil with Gs = 2.65. But what does the reading taken on a hydrometer during the test mean?<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>As indicated in the previous section, a hydrometer allows the concentration of a certain solution to be measured. Thus, a reading of, for example, \"30\" on the hydrometer (R = 30), means that at a time \"t\" there are 30 g of solid soil with Gs = 2.65 in suspension per 1,000 mL of a soil-water suspension, at a temperature of 20\u02daC, and at a depth \"L\" at which the measurement was taken.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Since most soils have specific gravities different from 2.65; and since the test temperature is usually higher than 20\u25e6 C in most laboratories, it is necessary to make corrections on the readings taken.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The correction associated with the specific gravity is made during the estimation of the diameter \"D\", as shown in Figure 2, since the factor \"K\" depends on the specific gravity (Gs); while the correction for temperature is intended to consider the effects of contraction and dilatation of the measuring and testing instruments (which are made of glass).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Two other corrections that are made during the test are: the correction for deflocculant (because, when introduced into the solution, it alters the density of the solution), and for meniscus, which has to do with the difficulty of reading the hydrometer scale correctly, given the turbidity of the soil-water solution. Figure 3 illustrates the aforementioned corrections, including typical expressions and values for each.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58d9fc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58d9fc9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9370fa\" data-id=\"f9370fa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f253091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f253091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2389\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-1024x440.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-768x330.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-1536x660.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-2048x880.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-3-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e141b2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e141b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ee6099\" data-id=\"4ee6099\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0439448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0439448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 3 Corrections during the hydrometry test. In the figure CT = temperature correction factor; CM = meniscus correction factor; CD = deflocculant correction factor; R = reading taken on the hydrometer scale.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b897c78 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b897c78\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d0e7d2\" data-id=\"1d0e7d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aba1e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aba1e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In order to obtain valid results during the test, it is essential to make the above-mentioned corrections accurately.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b00cd6a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b00cd6a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52ec532\" data-id=\"52ec532\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4aee675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4aee675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uniformity and curvature coefficients<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a1adf elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28a1adf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9102768\" data-id=\"9102768\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1159c35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1159c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Once the information on the grain size distribution of a certain soil sample is complete, based on the sieving and hydrometer grain size tests, it is possible to analyze the resulting curve and determine two parameters of utmost importance for soil characterization: the coefficient of uniformity (cu) and the coefficient of curvature (cc). Figure 4 illustrates how to determine each.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f899b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f899b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07a9861\" data-id=\"07a9861\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5367863 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5367863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2390\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-1024x448.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-768x336.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-1536x672.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-2048x896.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Figure-4-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff89c7d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff89c7d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4bb623\" data-id=\"e4bb623\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d4b072 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d4b072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 4 Coefficients of uniformity and curvature.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f4ca04 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f4ca04\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0492032\" data-id=\"0492032\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a665edd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a665edd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">These two parameters are used in the Unified Soil Classification System (SUCS), which is the most widely used classification system around the world for geotechnical projects. Of these two coefficients, the most easily interpreted (and possibly the most practically useful) is the uniformity coefficient.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">By relating the grain sizes d60 and d10, which are defined as shown in Figure 4, it is possible to determine how broad the curve is and, therefore, how broad the particle size distribution is in the sample.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Thus, the larger cu is, the more sizes the sample has, i.e., it is a well graded soil. If cu = 1, it means that d60 and d10 are equal, so you would have a sample with a single grain size (of course, such a sample does not exist, but it is good to imagine it to understand the concept).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>It is important to note that the scale of the abscissae is logarithmic in all granulometric curves. This is something that allows us to have an idea of the enormous variation of sizes that a soil sample can have: from particles up to 4\" (gravels), to particles that cannot be observed with the naked eye, such as clays and some silts.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>With this we close this post on the hydrometer grain size test. It is convenient to review the references shown below, in order to complement the information described here.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b0a9de elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b0a9de\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c747ff7\" data-id=\"c747ff7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb43ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8fb43ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad62ea3 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad62ea3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7343436\" data-id=\"7343436\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f07f165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f07f165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Das, B. (2002) <strong>\u201cSoil Mechanics Laboratory Manual\u201d<\/strong>. Fifth Edition. Engineering Press, Inc. California, USA.<\/li><li>Head, K. (1980) <strong>\u201cManual of Soil Laboratory Testing \u2013 Volume 1: Soil Classification and Compaction Tests\u201d<\/strong>. Pentech Press. London, UK.<\/li><li>Mitchell, J.K. &amp; Soga, K. (2005) <strong>\u201cFundamentals of Soil Behavior\u201d<\/strong>. Third Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. New Jersey, USA.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bd0ec5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bd0ec5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cad9139\" data-id=\"cad9139\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-359f472 elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"359f472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-7da78dc\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Geo-Web-100977118794652\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-fe85f2d\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/geowebonline\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-a21533a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/geowebonline\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-8544528\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alvaro-boiero-37bb4348\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-648b4e7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"648b4e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-384c302\" data-id=\"384c302\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd2a534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd2a534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2024 - geo Todos los derechos reservados \/ Desarrollo web: lubercba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin El ensayo granulom\u00e9trico por hidr\u00f3metro El ensayo granulom\u00e9trico por hidr\u00f3metro es fundamental para estimar la distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1os de part\u00edculas pasantes por el tamiz #200. A partir de esta prueba, es posible determinar la proporci\u00f3n de limos y arcillas en una muestra de suelo, informaci\u00f3n de suma importancia para predecir el [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2385","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>El ensayo granulom\u00e9trico por hidr\u00f3metro -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/el-ensayo-granulometrico-por-hidrometro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El ensayo granulom\u00e9trico por hidr\u00f3metro -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin El ensayo granulom\u00e9trico por hidr\u00f3metro El ensayo granulom\u00e9trico por hidr\u00f3metro es fundamental para estimar la distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1os de part\u00edculas pasantes por el tamiz #200. 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