{"id":1929,"date":"2021-11-29T09:39:42","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?page_id=1929"},"modified":"2025-04-06T23:05:28","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T23:05:28","slug":"metodos-para-estimar-asentamientos-a-partir-del-spt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/metodos-para-estimar-asentamientos-a-partir-del-spt\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods for estimating settlements from the spt"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1929\" class=\"elementor elementor-1929\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6de1c92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6de1c92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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tabindex=\"-1\">Servicios de consultor\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/proyecto-geotecnico\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87d11e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"87d11e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d995d47\" data-id=\"d995d47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e38a5d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e38a5d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methods for estimating settlements from the spt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff0bd68 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff0bd68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd811c1\" data-id=\"cd811c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-456002e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"456002e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The SPT (Standard Penetration Test) is one of the most widely used field tests around the world, and is particularly useful for estimating short-term settlements in granular soils, in which it is practically impossible to obtain undisturbed samples for laboratory tests to determine their stress-strain behavior. 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Continue reading...<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-63ecd43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"63ecd43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e5b6fd\" data-id=\"0e5b6fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-626b281 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"626b281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__626b281\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__626b281\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__626b281\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42a26d6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42a26d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69dc531\" data-id=\"69dc531\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72960ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72960ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The SPT<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d78d9c8 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d78d9c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a4790f\" data-id=\"4a4790f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa8fee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa8fee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The SPT (Standard Penetration Test) is a field test that is performed in a borehole, and basically consists of recording the number of blows required to drive a 2\" diameter split-spoon type sampler, 30 cm into the ground, by means of the free fall of a 140 lb hammer, from a height of 76 cm. Of course, this test is standardized, and the most widely used standards that govern it are ISO-22476-3 and ASTM-D-1586 specifications. Figure 1 shows a simple schematic of the test.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd9a1ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd9a1ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74b718c\" data-id=\"74b718c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ece8ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ece8ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"797\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura1-768x797.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1932\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura1-768x797.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura1-289x300.jpg 289w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura1-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura1.jpg 938w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69e5cd8 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69e5cd8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91d9a78\" data-id=\"91d9a78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5991454 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5991454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figure 1<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diccionario.geotecnia.online\/palabra\/spt\/spt-3\/\">The SPT <\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8130b2a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8130b2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bca97d5\" data-id=\"bca97d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bcc896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bcc896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The test can be performed using all types of equipment (from portable machines to modern fully automated equipment), being very important to carry out the correction of the field NSPT value considering, for this application, the efficiency of the hammer by means of the CE factor.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Typically, the ratio of energy transmitted to the bars (ERr) is of the order of 50% to 60% of the maximum theoretical value of 475 J, although in practice this value can vary from 30% to 90%, depending on the driller and the equipment used to perform the SPT test (Kulhawy &amp; Mayne, 1990). According to the above, it is clear the need to correct the NSPT value to consider the energy transmitted to the bars.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">According to Amundaray (2006), it is recommended to consider CE = 0.75 (ERr = 45%) for conditions of little control in the field and CE = 1.0 (ERr = 60%) when good quality equipment and controlled sampling procedures are used, for drills equipped with Donut hammers. Seed et al (2003), recommend considering CE = 1.33 (ERr = 80%) for modern equipment with automatic hammers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-95b1589 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95b1589\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1c865d\" data-id=\"a1c865d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a571b12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a571b12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methodologies for estimating settlements from the SPT<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4aa0a7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4aa0a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7e5940\" data-id=\"f7e5940\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48eb60b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48eb60b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Over the years, several methodologies have been developed to estimate settlement using the SPT. We will review here the most commonly used in practice in routine geotechnical studies.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Terzagui &amp; Peck (1948) proposed a correlation based on the value of N60 to estimate the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation, for a settlement of 25 mm. This correlation, generalized for any value of settlement Se (in mm), resulted in the following expression:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4244ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4244ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ddc776a\" data-id=\"ddc776a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac517cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac517cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/formula1-300x85.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1933\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/formula1-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/formula1-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/formula1.jpg 518w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93eb3b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93eb3b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef60ad8\" data-id=\"ef60ad8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51e10b5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51e10b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e2bec5\" data-id=\"6e2bec5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-498e24e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"498e24e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Where: q = the contact pressure (in kPa), B = the width of the foundation (in m); CW = correction factor for the presence of the water table (considered equal to 1 if the water table is below a depth equal to 2B from the bearing depth, and equal to 2 if it is above that depth); and CD = the correction for the depth of embedment (equal to 1 - Df\/4B, where Df is the depth of embedment).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Meyerhoff (1956, 1965) proposed the following expressions to estimate the settlement of a foundation, based on laboratory-analyzed models and field data of settlement of structures:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3526f42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3526f42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6a0a77\" data-id=\"c6a0a77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc62f01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc62f01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"81\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1-300x81.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1934\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1-1024x278.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1-768x209.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1-1536x417.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1.jpg 1554w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82bbce9 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82bbce9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-245937d\" data-id=\"245937d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a02efa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a02efa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The values of the CW and CD factors are determined considering the same criteria proposed by Terzaghi and Peck, mentioned above.<\/p><p>The last method to be reviewed here is the proposed by Peck &amp; Bazaraa (1969), which is nothing more than a revision of the method initially proposed by Terzaghi &amp; Peck in 1948. The expression they propose is the following:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bfbad7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bfbad7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9af4380\" data-id=\"9af4380\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f5f35f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5f5f35f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f3-300x86.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1935\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f3-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f3-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f3.jpg 588w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c62add elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c62add\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ae8353\" data-id=\"3ae8353\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c46da1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c46da1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04b7446\" data-id=\"04b7446\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b899d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b899d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Where: Se = settlement (in mm); q = contact pressure (in kPa); B = foundation width (in m); CW = correction factor for the presence of the water table; CD = correction for the depth of embedment; and (N1)60 = NSPT value corrected for energy and confinement.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The correction factor CW takes into account the influence of the water table, and it is obtained from the following expression:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75cf8d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"75cf8d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3df59bf\" data-id=\"3df59bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50f6be3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50f6be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"48\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f4-300x48.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1936\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f4-300x48.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f4-768x123.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f4-18x3.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f4.jpg 962w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9bd4ff elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9bd4ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b7c74\" data-id=\"96b7c74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a30789f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a30789f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">In this equation, \u03c3o = total overburden stress, and \u03c3'o = effective overburden stress, both estimated at a depth equal to 0.5B below the foundation.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The overburden correction CD can be estimated with the following equation, where \u03b3 is the unit weight of the soil (in kN\/m3):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cff8dbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cff8dbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-435bce5\" data-id=\"435bce5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa7352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1aa7352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"106\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f6-300x106.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1937\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f6-300x106.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f6-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f6.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62c2fae elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62c2fae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4421413\" data-id=\"4421413\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-403e3cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"403e3cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Finally, the NSPT correction considering the confinement (for the correction for energy and obtaining N60, as we see in section 1 of this post), is made based on the following expressions:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3d8a5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3d8a5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81fbe04\" data-id=\"81fbe04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2580148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2580148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f7-300x53.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1938\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f7-300x53.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f7-768x136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f7-18x3.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f7.jpg 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75d0232 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"75d0232\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a11102d\" data-id=\"a11102d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db86d61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"db86d61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"49\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f8-300x49.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1939\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f8-300x49.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f8-768x125.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f8-18x3.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f8.jpg 958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3114608 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3114608\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7370697\" data-id=\"7370697\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7404dc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7404dc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">As you can see, this method considers the effective overburden stress and the NSPT value corrected for overburden and drilling energy. Including these parameters, the settlements estimated in coarse soils from NSPT values are relatively close to the settlements observed in the field.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60a49b7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60a49b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24e4391\" data-id=\"24e4391\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c9aee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c9aee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Depth of influence and selection of the NSPT value to be used<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e86ef5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e86ef5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf1d855\" data-id=\"cf1d855\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7969ed7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7969ed7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">A very important aspect to take into account when applying these methods, is the depth of influence of the foundation, since this depth is directly linked to the NSPT values to be used in the settlement estimations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec891eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec891eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0de4133\" data-id=\"0de4133\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d8d74d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d8d74d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2-1024x586.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1940\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2-1024x586.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2-1536x879.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/figura2.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43115aa elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43115aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f7392\" data-id=\"f1f7392\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf1bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdf1bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 2 Depth of influence below foundations (Source: modified from Zeitoun &amp; Wakshal, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d308782 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d308782\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65ba3ea\" data-id=\"65ba3ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8078446 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8078446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">In general, the depth of influence for settlement estimation can be considered theoretically equal to 2B below shallow footing, and 4B for spread footings and slabs, where B is the width of the foundation. Thus, the value of N60 - or (N1)60, if the expression proposed by Peck &amp; Bazaraa is used - to be considered in the estimates, must be equal to the average of the values of N60 - or (N1)60 - between the embedment depth and a depth equal to 2B or 4B (as applicable) below the foundation.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">When will the depth of influence not be equal to 4B? Well, when, due to particularities of the subsoil, a significant increase of NSPT values is observed in the theoretical zone of influence. This would be evidence of the presence of a layer of high stiffness, located below a less stiff stratum, susceptible to deformation. If this is the case, the NSPT values of the less stiff stratum immediately below the foundation should be taken into account in order to obtain more realistic results.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-03f5a9c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"03f5a9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04b171b\" data-id=\"04b171b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03be460 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03be460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d249e76 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d249e76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a26e47\" data-id=\"8a26e47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89eec3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89eec3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Amundaray, J. (2006) <strong>\u201cSuelos Potencialmente Licuables y Medidas de Remediaci\u00f3n\u201d<\/strong>. Cap\u00edtulo VIII <em>Ingenier\u00eda Forense y Estudios de Sitio<\/em>. Editado por J. Grases. Caracas, Venezuela.<\/li><li>Das, B. (2009) <strong>\u201cShallow Foundations \u2013 Bearing Capacity and Settlement\u201d<\/strong>. CRC Press \u2013 Taylor &amp; Francis Group. Boca Raton, Florida, USA.<\/li><li>Kulhawy, F. &amp; Mayne, P. (1990) <strong>\u201cManual on Estimating Soil Properties for Foundation Design\u201d<\/strong>. Prepared by Cornell University for Electric Power Research Institute. New York, USA.<\/li><li>Seed, R., Riemer, M., Cetin, K., Sancio, R., Moss, R., Bray, J., Kammerer, A., Kayen, R., Wu, J., Faris, A., Pestana, J. (2003) <strong>\u201cRecent Advances in Soil Liquefaction Engineering: A Unified and Consistent Framework\u201d<\/strong>. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California. Berkeley, USA.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5577027 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5577027\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21e73f5\" data-id=\"21e73f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcf7571 elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"fcf7571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-7da78dc\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Geo-Web-100977118794652\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-fe85f2d\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/geowebonline\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i 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