{"id":1883,"date":"2021-11-15T09:34:05","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T09:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?page_id=1883"},"modified":"2025-04-06T17:50:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T17:50:44","slug":"presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/","title":{"rendered":"Lateral earth pressure: the kp condition"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1883\" class=\"elementor elementor-1883\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-780d250 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"780d250\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Estabilidad de Taludes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Aguas Subterraneas<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">T\u00f3picos Especiales<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4247\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/terremoto-en-venezuela\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Terremoto en Venezuela<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/e-learning\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" 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elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"78d1661\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fc6a5c\" data-id=\"1fc6a5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3ff072 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f3ff072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3338\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png 582w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce82224\" data-id=\"ce82224\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f192929 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f192929\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c6d71d\" data-id=\"6c6d71d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ca01a elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"48ca01a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-48ca01a\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Inicio<\/a><\/li>\n<li 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href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/muros\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Muros<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/estabilidad-de-talues\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Estabilidad de Taludes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Aguas Subterraneas<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">T\u00f3picos Especiales<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4247\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/terremoto-en-venezuela\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Terremoto en Venezuela<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li 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tabindex=\"-1\">geo-info<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/fundaciones-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Fundaciones<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/mecanica-de-suelos\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mec\u00e1nica de Suelos<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/muros\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Muros<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/estabilidad-de-talues\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Estabilidad de Taludes<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Aguas Subterraneas<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">T\u00f3picos Especiales<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4247\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/terremoto-en-venezuela\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Terremoto en Venezuela<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/e-learning\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">E-learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/servicios-de-consultoria\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Servicios de consultor\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/proyecto-geotecnico\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contacto<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-582cc66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"582cc66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abb8831\" data-id=\"abb8831\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5ff03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec5ff03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d28e512 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d28e512\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2e7f0\" data-id=\"8b2e7f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa4c714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa4c714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>La condici\u00f3n de pasiva es opuesta a la del empuje activo. En este caso, si ocurre una deformaci\u00f3n rotacional o traslacional alrededor de la base del muro, pero en la direcci\u00f3n hacia el relleno, el estado de esfuerzos del terreno en el trasd\u00f3s del muro cambia, gener\u00e1ndose la condici\u00f3n de empuje pasivo K<sub>P<\/sub> \u00bfQuieres saber m\u00e1s? Contin\u00faa leyendo este post\u2026<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-080f2e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"080f2e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9714193\" data-id=\"9714193\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af582c6 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"af582c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tContenido\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__af582c6\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__af582c6\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__af582c6\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7a4f05 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7a4f05\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4124ba8\" data-id=\"4124ba8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5875d1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5875d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La condici\u00f3n de empuje pasivo<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc4d5f1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc4d5f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78c53ac\" data-id=\"78c53ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf29109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf29109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Como ya hemos visto en posts anteriores, los desplazamientos que ocurren en un muro influyen en el estado de esfuerzos <em>in situ<\/em> del terreno alrededor del mismo. Durante la instalaci\u00f3n del muro, y a medida que se generan movimientos de traslaci\u00f3n y\/o rotaci\u00f3n en su base, las presiones de tierra cambian desde la condici\u00f3n original <em>K<sub>o<\/sub><\/em> hasta estados de esfuerzos <em>activo<\/em> y <em>pasivo<\/em>, dependiendo de la relajaci\u00f3n detr\u00e1s o de la compresi\u00f3n en la zona frontal inferior del muro, respectivamente.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>La cantidad de movimiento <em>horizontal <\/em>que debe experimentar el muro en su tope para que se alcance el estado pasivo, depende del tipo de suelo y de la altura de la estructura (<em>H<\/em>), tal como se observa en la Tabla 1.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Tabla 1<\/strong> Movimiento del muro requerido para alcanzar el estado pasivo (<em>Fuente<\/em>: Coduto, 2001).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"299\"><p><strong>Tipo de suelo<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p><strong>Movimiento horizontal requerido para alcanzar la condici\u00f3n pasiva<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Arena densa<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,020 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Arena suelta<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,060 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Arcilla dura<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,020 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Arcilla blanda<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,040 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong><em>H<\/em><\/strong><strong> = altura del muro.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>De acuerdo a la tabla anterior, se requiere un movimiento del muro considerablemente mayor para alcanzar la condici\u00f3n pasiva, que para lograr la condici\u00f3n activa. Sin embargo, movimientos bastante inferiores a los reportados en la Tabla 1 pueden generar importantes cambios en la presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Una cita interesante sobre este punto, es la que realiz\u00f3 Terzaghi (1934) en base a ciertos experimentos que realizaba con muros, oportunamente citada por Coduto (2001):<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>En un relleno de arena compactada, un movimiento casi insignificante del muro (igual a la diez-mil\u00e9sima parte de la altura del muro), disminuye el coeficiente de presi\u00f3n lateral de tierras hasta 0,2 (en caso de empuje activo) o lo incrementa por encima de 1 (en caso de empuje pasivo).<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>En general, se ha observado que en la mayor\u00eda de los suelos el efecto del movimiento no es tan dram\u00e1tico, pero es necesario considerar que \u00fanicamente las estructuras excepcionalmente r\u00edgidas, s<a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-ko\/\">on las que estar\u00e1n sometidas a condiciones de empuje de reposo <em>K<sub>o<\/sub><\/em><\/a>. Los muros convencionales, o bien estar\u00e1n sometidos a una <a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-ka\/\">condici\u00f3n activa <em>K<sub>A<\/sub><\/em><\/a>, o a una condici\u00f3n pasiva <em>K<sub>P<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-731a9ad elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"731a9ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee19943\" data-id=\"ee19943\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544c379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"544c379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estimaci\u00f3n del coeficiente KP<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f5e7f5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f5e7f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95bf698\" data-id=\"95bf698\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6302bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6302bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo estimar el coeficiente <em>K<sub>P<\/sub><\/em>, necesario para analizar el estado de esfuerzos en el trasd\u00f3s de un muro deformado <em>hacia el relleno<\/em>? Como ya hemos analizado anteriormente, la estimaci\u00f3n de este par\u00e1metro se lleva a cabo en t\u00e9rminos de esfuerzos efectivos (a\u00fan cuando es posible estimarlo en base a esfuerzos totales). Este enfoque aplica para todos los suelos, y para cualquier momento del ciclo de vida de la estructura, pero implica que debe conocerse la distribuci\u00f3n aproximada de las presiones de poro, de manera de poder estimar los esfuerzos efectivos (Powrie, 2012).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>La Figura 1 muestra el c\u00edrculo de Mohr de esfuerzos efectivos, incluyendo la envolvente de falla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32531c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32531c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6b1784\" data-id=\"f6b1784\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ffc92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57ffc92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1885\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1.jpg 740w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b35c8d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b35c8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11fe7c\" data-id=\"c11fe7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a19fd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a19fd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 1<\/strong> C\u00edrculo de Mohr de esfuerzos efectivos (<em>Fuente<\/em>: Das, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e79536 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e79536\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95fd3bd\" data-id=\"95fd3bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d92ab8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d92ab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asumiendo direcciones vertical y horizontal para los esfuerzos principales, para que se alcance un estado de empuje pasivo el esfuerzo vertical debe permanecer constante, mientras se produce un incremento del esfuerzo horizontal, como respuesta a las deformaciones inducidas por el muro sobre el terreno.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>As\u00ed, se cumple que el esfuerzo horizontal m\u00e1ximo, viene dado por:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08622bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08622bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f18ed44\" data-id=\"f18ed44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac5c3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac5c3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"69\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-300x69.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1890\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-300x69.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-1024x234.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-768x175.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-1536x351.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-18x4.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1.jpg 1860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-893db7a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"893db7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7cc153\" data-id=\"a7cc153\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358ab03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"358ab03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Siendo <em>K<sub>P<\/sub><\/em> el coeficiente de presi\u00f3n horizontal pasiva, el cual se determina a partir de la siguiente expresi\u00f3n:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-706fb90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"706fb90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5ae6ed\" data-id=\"b5ae6ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56edcf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56edcf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"107\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-300x107.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1891\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1024x365.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-768x273.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2.jpg 1264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1b119 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1b119\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-432dd4c\" data-id=\"432dd4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e098fbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e098fbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Como se observa, el mencionado coeficiente queda expresado como una funci\u00f3n del \u00e1ngulo de fricci\u00f3n interna <em>efectivo <\/em>del suelo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-027ac0a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"027ac0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6180bbf\" data-id=\"6180bbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c2520 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60c2520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Condiciones de servicio<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cdb1cf elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cdb1cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb8ce2d\" data-id=\"eb8ce2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1dd366 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1dd366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uno de los aspectos importantes a resaltar, es que los muros reales no est\u00e1n libres de fricci\u00f3n, por lo que la existencia de esfuerzos de corte en su trasd\u00f3s o su parte frontal, invalidar\u00edan la asunci\u00f3n de que las direcciones de los esfuerzos principales son vertical y horizontal, seg\u00fan vimos en el apartado anterior.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Debido a ello, los c\u00f3digos de dise\u00f1o modernos (como por ejemplo el EUROCODE 7), consideran la influencia de la fricci\u00f3n muro-terreno mediante el \u00e1ngulo <em>\u03b4<\/em>. En la Figura 2 se muestran esquem\u00e1ticamente las condiciones de dise\u00f1o t\u00edpicas de un muro de contenci\u00f3n sometido a empuje pasivo, seg\u00fan lo establecido en los c\u00f3digos de dise\u00f1o vigentes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82003f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82003f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-094bded\" data-id=\"094bded\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dcf8fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7dcf8fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"789\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1892\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2.jpg 789w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2-768x486.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-06c2435 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"06c2435\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9073c73\" data-id=\"9073c73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98f2f21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98f2f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 2<\/strong> Condiciones de dise\u00f1o de un muro de contenci\u00f3n sometido a empuje pasivo (<em>Fuente<\/em>: Das, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3236dae elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3236dae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a97d84\" data-id=\"9a97d84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e12f129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e12f129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cabe destacar que los mencionados c\u00f3digos exigen que el dise\u00f1o se lleve a cabo considerando el <em>estado l\u00edmite \u00faltimo<\/em> (ULS, por sus sigla en ingl\u00e9s), lo cual implica la reducci\u00f3n de la resistencia real del terreno, bien sea mediante un factor de seguridad o bien a trav\u00e9s de un factor de movilizaci\u00f3n de la resistencia (Powrie, 2012).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Otro aspecto a considerar, es el hecho de que las teor\u00edas usualmente empleadas para analizar el empuje de tierras, consideran que las superficies de falla son planas, cuando en realidad son curvas. Este hecho es particularmente importante para el caso de empujes pasivos, dado que podr\u00eda generarse una condici\u00f3n insegura del muro.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Shields &amp; Tonulay (1973, CP Das, 2012) analizaron la influencia de la forma de la superficie de falla en el empuje pasivo, y propusieron coeficientes <em>K<sub>P<\/sub><\/em> corregidos para el empleo en proyectos rutinarios, basados en el \u00e1ngulo de fricci\u00f3n interna efectivo <em>\u03c6\u00b4<\/em> y el \u00e1ngulo de fricci\u00f3n muro-terreno <em>\u03b4\u00b4<\/em>. Estos coeficientes se presentan en la Figura 3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94fa1dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94fa1dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7980381\" data-id=\"7980381\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8d0ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8d0ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1893\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3.jpg 678w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3-300x286.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ce59ed elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ce59ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ef5cfc\" data-id=\"0ef5cfc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b41426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b41426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 3<\/strong> Valores modificados de <em>KP<\/em> basados en el an\u00e1lisis de Shield &amp; Tonlulay (<em>Fuente<\/em>: Das, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3126b3d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3126b3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f30fa7\" data-id=\"7f30fa7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51db283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51db283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Con la informaci\u00f3n que les traje el d\u00eda de hoy, hemos culminado la revisi\u00f3n de algunas nociones b\u00e1sicas de los estados de reposo, empuje activo y empuje pasivo. En un pr\u00f3ximo post, vamos a tratar el tema de la influencia del agua sobre la estabilidad de un muro de contenci\u00f3n, factor m\u00e1s que fundamental que debe ser considerado en el dise\u00f1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf117a6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf117a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-01626fe\" data-id=\"01626fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c39c6e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c39c6e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Referencias<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a3d60f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a3d60f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82b82bd\" data-id=\"82b82bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1b127d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1b127d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Coduto, D. (2001) <strong>\u201cFoundation Design: Principles and Practices\u201d<\/strong>. Second Edition. Prentice Hall. New Jersey, USA.<\/li><li>Das, B. (2012) <strong>\u201cFundamentos de Ingenier\u00eda de Cimentaciones\u201d<\/strong>. Edici\u00f3n. Cengage Learning Editores. M\u00e9xico, D.F.<\/li><li>Powrie, W. (2012) <strong>\u201cEarth Pressure Theory\u201d<\/strong>. Chapter 20 <em>ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering<\/em>. Insitution of Civil Engineers. London, UK.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c93c684 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c93c684\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcef326\" data-id=\"dcef326\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0095be elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"e0095be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-7da78dc\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Geo-Web-100977118794652\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-fe85f2d\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/geowebonline\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-ad54125\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alvaro-boiero-37bb4348\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-a21533a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/geowebonline\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-212bafc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"212bafc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d45a22b\" data-id=\"d45a22b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b691508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b691508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2024 - geo Todos los derechos reservados \/ Desarrollo web: lubercba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp La condici\u00f3n de pasiva es opuesta a la del empuje activo. En este caso, si ocurre una deformaci\u00f3n rotacional o traslacional alrededor de la base del muro, pero en la direcci\u00f3n hacia el relleno, el estado de esfuerzos del terreno en el trasd\u00f3s del [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1883","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp La condici\u00f3n de pasiva es opuesta a la del empuje activo. 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