{"id":1883,"date":"2021-11-15T09:34:05","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T09:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?page_id=1883"},"modified":"2025-04-06T17:50:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T17:50:44","slug":"presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/","title":{"rendered":"Lateral earth pressure: the kp condition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1883\" class=\"elementor elementor-1883\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-780d250 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"780d250\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89b6339\" data-id=\"89b6339\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7e3c80 elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"f7e3c80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-7da78dc\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Geo-Web-100977118794652\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-fe85f2d\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/geowebonline\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-a21533a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/geowebonline\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-8544528\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alvaro-boiero-37bb4348\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-494a59b elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"494a59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d02fd2d\" data-id=\"d02fd2d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e476dc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e476dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3338\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png 582w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d79aa0f\" data-id=\"d79aa0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f09f96b elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f09f96b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f09f96b\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quien-soy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">geo<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quieres-saber-mas\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">geo-info<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/fundaciones-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Foundations<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/mecanica-de-suelos\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Soil Mechanics<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/muros\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Walls<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/estabilidad-de-talues\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Slope Stability<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Groundwater<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Special Topics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/e-learning\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">E-learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/servicios-de-consultoria\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Servicios de consultor\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/proyecto-geotecnico\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f09f96b\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quien-soy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">geo<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quieres-saber-mas\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">geo-info<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/fundaciones-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Foundations<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/mecanica-de-suelos\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Soil Mechanics<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/muros\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Walls<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/estabilidad-de-talues\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Slope Stability<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Groundwater<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Special Topics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/e-learning\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">E-learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/servicios-de-consultoria\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Servicios de consultor\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/proyecto-geotecnico\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78d1661 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"78d1661\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fc6a5c\" data-id=\"1fc6a5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3ff072 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f3ff072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3338\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png 582w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce82224\" data-id=\"ce82224\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f192929 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f192929\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c6d71d\" data-id=\"6c6d71d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ca01a elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"48ca01a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-48ca01a\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quien-soy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">geo<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quieres-saber-mas\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">geo-info<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/fundaciones-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Foundations<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/mecanica-de-suelos\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Soil Mechanics<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/muros\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Walls<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/estabilidad-de-talues\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Slope Stability<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Groundwater<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Special Topics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/e-learning\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">E-learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/servicios-de-consultoria\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Servicios de consultor\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/proyecto-geotecnico\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-48ca01a\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quien-soy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">geo<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/quieres-saber-mas\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">geo-info<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1169\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/fundaciones-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Foundations<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/mecanica-de-suelos\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Soil Mechanics<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-387\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/muros\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Walls<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/estabilidad-de-talues\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Slope Stability<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-381\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/aguas-subterraneas\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Groundwater<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-388\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/topicos-especiales\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Special Topics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1166\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/e-learning\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">E-learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/servicios-de-consultoria\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Servicios de consultor\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/proyecto-geotecnico\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Proyectos geot\u00e9cnicos<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/contacto\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-582cc66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"582cc66\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abb8831\" data-id=\"abb8831\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5ff03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec5ff03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lateral earth pressure: the kp condition<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d28e512 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d28e512\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2e7f0\" data-id=\"8b2e7f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa4c714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa4c714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The passive condition is the opposite of the active one. In this case, if a rotational or translational deformation occurs around the base of the wall, but in the direction towards the backfill, the stress state of the soil at the back of the wall changes, generating the passive condition KP. Do you want to know more? Continue reading this post...<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-080f2e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"080f2e3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9714193\" data-id=\"9714193\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af582c6 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"af582c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tContent\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__af582c6\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__af582c6\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__af582c6\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7a4f05 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7a4f05\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4124ba8\" data-id=\"4124ba8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5875d1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5875d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The passive condition<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc4d5f1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc4d5f1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78c53ac\" data-id=\"78c53ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf29109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf29109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">As we have already seen in previous posts, the displacements occurring in a wall influence the in situ stress state of the soil around the wall. During the installation of the wall, and as translational and\/or rotational movements are generated at its base, the earth pressures change from the original Ko condition to active and passive stress states, depending on the relaxation behind or compression in the lower front zone of the wall, respectively.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The amount of horizontal movement that the wall must experience at its top for the passive state to be reached, depends on the type of soil and the height of the structure (H), as shown in Table 1<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Table 1 Wall movement required to reach the passive condition (Source: Coduto, 2001).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"299\"><p><strong>Type of soil<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p><strong>Movimiento horizontal requerido para alcanzar la condici\u00f3n pasiva<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Dense sand<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,020 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Loose sand<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,060 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Hard clay<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,020 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"299\"><p>Soft clay<\/p><\/td><td width=\"299\"><p>0,040 <em>H<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p class=\"translation-block\">H = height of the wall.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>According to the table above, considerably more movement of the wall is required to achieve the passive condition than to achieve the active condition. However, movements well below those reported in Table 1 can generate significant changes in lateral earth pressure.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>An interesting quote on this point was made by Terzaghi (1934) on the basis of certain experiments he carried out with walls, opportunely mentioned by Coduto (2001):<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>In a compacted sand backfill, an almost negligible movement of the wall (equal to one ten-thousandth of the wall height), decreases the lateral earth pressure coefficient to 0.2 (in case of active condition) or increases it above 1 (in case of passive condition).<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">In general, it has been observed that in most soils, the effect of movement is not so dramatic, but it is necessary to consider that only exceptionally stiff structures will be subjected to Ko repose state conditions. Conventional walls will either be subjected to an active condition KA or a passive condition KP.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-731a9ad elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"731a9ad\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee19943\" data-id=\"ee19943\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544c379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"544c379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estimation of the KP coefficient<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f5e7f5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f5e7f5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95bf698\" data-id=\"95bf698\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6302bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6302bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">How to estimate the KP coefficient, necessary to analyze the state of stresses at the back of a wall deformed towards the backfill? As we have already analyzed above, the estimation of this parameter is carried out in terms of effective stresses (although it is possible to estimate it on the basis of total stresses). This approach applies for all soils, and for any time in the life cycle of the structure, but implies that the approximate distribution of pore pressures must be known in order to estimate the effective stresses (Powrie, 2012).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Figure 1 shows the Mohr circle for effective stresses, including the failure envelope.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32531c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32531c8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6b1784\" data-id=\"f6b1784\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ffc92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57ffc92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1885\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1.jpg 740w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-1-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b35c8d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b35c8d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11fe7c\" data-id=\"c11fe7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a19fd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a19fd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 1 Mohr circle for effective stresses (Source: Das, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e79536 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e79536\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95fd3bd\" data-id=\"95fd3bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d92ab8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d92ab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Assuming vertical and horizontal directions for the principal stresses, for a state of passive condition to be reached, the vertical stress must remain constant, while an increase in the horizontal stress is produced in response to the deformations induced by the wall on the ground.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Thus, it is satisfied that the maximum horizontal stress is given by:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08622bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08622bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f18ed44\" data-id=\"f18ed44\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac5c3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac5c3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"69\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-300x69.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1890\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-300x69.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-1024x234.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-768x175.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-1536x351.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1-18x4.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f1.jpg 1860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-893db7a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"893db7a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7cc153\" data-id=\"a7cc153\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358ab03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"358ab03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The term KP is the passive horizontal pressure coefficient, which is determined from the following expression:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-706fb90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"706fb90\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5ae6ed\" data-id=\"b5ae6ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56edcf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56edcf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"107\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-300x107.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1891\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-1024x365.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-768x273.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/f2.jpg 1264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1b119 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1b119\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-432dd4c\" data-id=\"432dd4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e098fbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e098fbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">As can be seen, this coefficient is expressed as a function of the effective angle of internal friction of the soil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-027ac0a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"027ac0a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6180bbf\" data-id=\"6180bbf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c2520 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60c2520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Service conditions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cdb1cf elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cdb1cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb8ce2d\" data-id=\"eb8ce2d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1dd366 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1dd366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the important aspects to highlight, is that the real walls are not free of friction, so the existence of shear forces in their back or front part would invalidate the assumption that the directions of the principal forces are vertical and horizontal, as we saw in the previous section.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">For this reason, modern design codes (e.g. EUROCODE 7) consider the influence of wall-earth friction by means of the angle \u03b4. Figure 2 shows schematically the typical design conditions of a retaining wall under a passive state, as established in the current design codes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82003f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82003f1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-094bded\" data-id=\"094bded\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dcf8fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7dcf8fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"789\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1892\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2.jpg 789w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2-768x486.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-06c2435 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"06c2435\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9073c73\" data-id=\"9073c73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98f2f21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98f2f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 2 Design conditions for a wall under passive earth pressure state (Source: Das, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3236dae elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3236dae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a97d84\" data-id=\"9a97d84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e12f129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e12f129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">It should be noted that the aforementioned codes require the design to be carried out considering the ultimate limit state (ULS), which implies the reduction of the actual soil resistance, either through a factor of safety or through a resistance mobilization factor (Powrie, 2012).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Another aspect to consider is the fact that the theories usually used to analyze earth thrust, consider that failure surfaces are plane, when in fact they are curved. This circumstance is particularly important for the case of passive state, since an unsafe condition of the wall could be generated.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">Shields &amp; Tonulay (1973, CB Das, 2012) analyzed the influence of the shape of the failure surface on passive thrust, and proposed corrected KP coefficients for use in routine projects, based on the effective internal friction angle \u03c6' and the wall-earth friction angle \u03b4'. These coefficients are presented in Figure 3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94fa1dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94fa1dd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7980381\" data-id=\"7980381\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8d0ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8d0ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1893\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3.jpg 678w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3-300x286.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Figura-3-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ce59ed elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ce59ed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ef5cfc\" data-id=\"0ef5cfc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b41426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b41426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">Figure 3 Modified values of KP coefficient accordint to Shield &amp; Tonlulay (Source: Das, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3126b3d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3126b3d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f30fa7\" data-id=\"7f30fa7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51db283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51db283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the information I brought you today, we have completed the review of some basic notions of the states at rest, active and passive conditions. In a next post, we will deal with the influence of water on the stability of a retaining wall, a fundamental factor that must be considered in the design.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf117a6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf117a6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-01626fe\" data-id=\"01626fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c39c6e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c39c6e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a3d60f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a3d60f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82b82bd\" data-id=\"82b82bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1b127d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1b127d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Coduto, D. (2001) <strong>\u201cFoundation Design: Principles and Practices\u201d<\/strong>. Second Edition. Prentice Hall. New Jersey, USA.<\/li><li>Das, B. (2012) <strong>\u201cFundamentos de Ingenier\u00eda de Cimentaciones\u201d<\/strong>. Edici\u00f3n. Cengage Learning Editores. M\u00e9xico, D.F.<\/li><li>Powrie, W. (2012) <strong>\u201cEarth Pressure Theory\u201d<\/strong>. Chapter 20 <em>ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering<\/em>. Insitution of Civil Engineers. London, UK.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c93c684 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c93c684\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcef326\" data-id=\"dcef326\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0095be elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"e0095be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-7da78dc\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Geo-Web-100977118794652\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-fe85f2d\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/geowebonline\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-ad54125\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alvaro-boiero-37bb4348\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-a21533a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/geowebonline\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-212bafc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"212bafc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d45a22b\" data-id=\"d45a22b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b691508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b691508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2024 - geo Todos los derechos reservados \/ Desarrollo web: lubercba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp La condici\u00f3n de pasiva es opuesta a la del empuje activo. En este caso, si ocurre una deformaci\u00f3n rotacional o traslacional alrededor de la base del muro, pero en la direcci\u00f3n hacia el relleno, el estado de esfuerzos del terreno en el trasd\u00f3s del [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1883","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp La condici\u00f3n de pasiva es opuesta a la del empuje activo. En este caso, si ocurre una deformaci\u00f3n rotacional o traslacional alrededor de la base del muro, pero en la direcci\u00f3n hacia el relleno, el estado de esfuerzos del terreno en el trasd\u00f3s del [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-06T17:50:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"582\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"277\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/\",\"name\":\"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-15T09:34:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-06T17:50:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/\",\"name\":\"\",\"description\":\"El Blog de Alvaro Boiero\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -","og_description":"Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp La condici\u00f3n de pasiva es opuesta a la del empuje activo. En este caso, si ocurre una deformaci\u00f3n rotacional o traslacional alrededor de la base del muro, pero en la direcci\u00f3n hacia el relleno, el estado de esfuerzos del terreno en el trasd\u00f3s del [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/","article_modified_time":"2025-04-06T17:50:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":582,"height":277,"url":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/","url":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/","name":"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp -","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png","datePublished":"2021-11-15T09:34:05+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-06T17:50:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/logosgeonewalvaro.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/presion-lateral-de-tierra-la-condicion-kp\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Presi\u00f3n lateral de tierra: la condici\u00f3n Kp"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/","name":"","description":"El Blog de Alvaro Boiero","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1883"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3955,"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1883\/revisions\/3955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geo-webonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}